Wednesday, October 24, 2012

CSS Sheats

Chapter 8 Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
}

And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}

If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h3 will be:

color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;

The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.

Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One

Styles can be specified:

inside an HTML element
inside the head section of an HTML page
in an external CSS file

Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.

Cascading order

What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:

1. Browser default

2. External style sheet

3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)

4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)

So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).

CSS Sheats

Chapter 7

Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

External style sheet
Internal style sheet
Inline style

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:

E-g:

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:

E-g:

<head>

Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly!

To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:

E-g:

<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>

CSS Class Selector

Chapter 6 The class Selector

The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements.
This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "."
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:

Example :4

<!By using class selector >

<html>

<head>

<style>

.center

{

text-align:center;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1>

<p class="center">Center-aligned paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

Center-aligned heading

Center-aligned paragraph.

CSS Id

Chapter 5

The id and class Selectors

In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows you to specify your own selectors called "id" and "class".

The id Selector

The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element.

The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#".

The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1":

Example :3

<!By using ID >

<html>

<head>

<style>

#para1

{

text-align:center;

color:red;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>

<p>This paragraph is not affected by the style.</p>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

Hello World!

This paragraph is not affected by the style.

CSS Link

Chapter 4

Example :2

<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color:tan;}
h1 {color:maroon;font-size:20pt;}
hr {color:navy;}
p {font-size:11pt;margin-left:15px;}
a:link {color:green;}
a:visited {color:yellow;}
a:hover {color:black;}
a:active {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>

<body>

<h1>This is a header 1</h1>
<hr>

<p>You can see that the style
sheet formats the text</p>

<p><a href="http://atoz4tutorials.blogspot.in/"
target="_blank">This is a link</a></p>

</body>
</html>

Output is:

This is a header 1

You can see that the style sheet formats the text

This is a link

CSS Head

Chapter 3

Example :1

<head>
<style>
body {background-color:yellow;}
h1 {font-size:36pt;}
h2 {color:blue;}
p {margin-left:50px;}
</style>
</head>

<body>

<h1>This header is 36 pt</h1>
<h2>This header is blue</h2>

<p>This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels</p>

</body>
</html>

Output is:

This header is 36 pt

This header is blue

This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels

CSS Syntax

Chapter 2 CSS Syntax

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:

The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.

Each declaration consists of a property and a value.

The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

CSS Introducation

Chapter 1 CSS

What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding HTML.

What is What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:

HTML

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
Styles define how to display HTML elements
Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

Styles Solved a Big Problem

HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.

HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium created CSS.

In HTML , all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.

All browsers support CSS today.

CSS Saves a Lot of Work!

CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.

Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!

HTML Colors

Chapter 18 Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.

The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.

000000	000033	000066	000099	0000CC	0000FF
003300	003333	003366	003399	0033CC	0033FF
006600	006633	006666	006699	0066CC	0066FF
009900	009933	009966	009999	0099CC	0099FF
00CC00	00CC33	00CC66	00CC99	00CCCC	00CCFF
00FF00	00FF33	00FF66	00FF99	00FFCC	00FFFF
330000	330033	330066	330099	3300CC	3300FF
333300	333333	333366	333399	3333CC	3333FF
336600	336633	336666	336699	3366CC	3366FF
339900	339933	339966	339999	3399CC	3399FF
33CC00	33CC33	33CC66	33CC99	33CCCC	33CCFF
33FF00	33FF33	33FF66	33FF99	33FFCC	33FFFF
660000	660033	660066	660099	6600CC	6600FF
663300	663333	663366	663399	6633CC	6633FF
666600	666633	666666	666699	6666CC	6666FF
669900	669933	669966	669999	6699CC	6699FF
66CC00	66CC33	66CC66	66CC99	66CCCC	66CCFF
66FF00	66FF33	66FF66	66FF99	66FFCC	66FFFF
990000	990033	990066	990099	9900CC	9900FF
993300	993333	993366	993399	9933CC	9933FF
996600	996633	996666	996699	9966CC	9966FF
999900	999933	999966	999999	9999CC	9999FF
99CC00	99CC33	99CC66	99CC99	99CCCC	99CCFF
99FF00	99FF33	99FF66	99FF99	99FFCC	99FFFF
CC0000	CC0033	CC0066	CC0099	CC00CC	CC00FF
CC3300	CC3333	CC3366	CC3399	CC33CC	CC33FF
CC6600	CC6633	CC6666	CC6699	CC66CC	CC66FF
CC9900	CC9933	CC9966	CC9999	CC99CC	CC99FF
CCCC00	CCCC33	CCCC66	CCCC99	CCCCCC	CCCCFF
CCFF00	CCFF33	CCFF66	CCFF99	CCFFCC	CCFFFF
FF0000	FF0033	FF0066	FF0099	FF00CC	FF00FF
FF3300	FF3333	FF3366	FF3399	FF33CC	FF33FF
FF6600	FF6633	FF6666	FF6699	FF66CC	FF66FF
FF9900	FF9933	FF9966	FF9999	FF99CC	FF99FF
FFCC00	FFCC33	FFCC66	FFCC99	FFCCCC	FFCCFF
FFFF00	FFFF33	FFFF66	FFFF99	FFFFCC	FFFFFF

HTML Form Creation

Chapter 17

HTML Forms

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.

An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.

The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the <input> element.

The <input> element is used to select user information.

An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.

The most common input types are described below.

Text Fields

<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

First name:
Last name:

Password Field

<input type="password"> defines a password field:

<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Password:

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Male
Female

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

I have a bike
I have a car

Submit Button

<input type="submit"> defines a submit button.

A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Username:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

HTML Layout

Chapter 16

HTML List Tags

Tag	Description
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines an item in a definition list
<dd>	Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Layout - Using <div> Elements

Example :17

<html>
<body>

<div id="container" style="width:500px">

<div id="header" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1></div>

<div id="menu" style="background-color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript</div>

<div id="content" style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;">
Content goes here</div>

<div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;">
Copyright © AtoZ4tutorials</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

Output is:

Content goes here

Saturday, October 20, 2012

HTML Nested list and Definition list

Chapter 15

Example 15:

<html>

<body>

<h4>A nested List:</h4>

<ul>

<li>Coffee</li>

<li>Tea

<ul>

<li>Black tea</li>

<li>Green tea

<ul>

<li>China</li>

<li>Africa</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

A nested List:

Coffee
Tea
- Black tea
- Green tea
  - China
  - Africa
Milk

HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.

The <dl> tag defines a definition list.

The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list):

Example :16

<html>
<body>

<h4>A Definition List:</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

</body>
</html>

Output is:

A Definition List:

Coffee: - black hot drink
Milk: - white cold drink

HTML Unordered List

Chapter 14

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

The UnOrdered list Output like

Coffee
Milk

There are different types in UnOrdered list

Disc Bullet list
Circle Bullet list
Square Bullet list

Example :14

<html>

<body>

<h4>Disc bullets list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ul>

<h4>Circle bullets list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ul>

<h4>Square bullets list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

Output is :

Disc bullets list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Circle bullets list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Square bullets list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

HTML Order list

Chapter 13

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

The list items are marked with numbers.

The Ordered list Output like

Coffee
Milk

There are different types in Ordered list

Numbered list
Letters list
Lowercase letters
Roman numbers
Lowercase Roman numbers

Example :13

<html>

<body>

<h4>Numbered list:</h4>

<ol>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Letters list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Lowercase letters list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Roman numbers list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Lowercase Roman numbers list:</h4>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

Numbered list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Letters list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Lowercase letters list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Roman numbers list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

Lowercase Roman numbers list:

Apples
Bananas
Lemons
Oranges

HTML Table Tag 4

Chapter 12

HTML Table cellpadding & cellspacing

For cellpadding

Example 11:

<html>

<body>

<h4>Without cellpadding:</h4>

<tr>

<td>First</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With cellpadding:</h4>

<table border="1"

cellpadding="10">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

Without cellpadding:

First	Row
Second	Row

With cellpadding:

First	Row
Second	Row

For cellspacing

Example :12

<html>

<body>

<h4>Without cellspacing:</h4>

<tr>

<td>First</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With cellspacing:</h4>

<table border="1"

cellspacing="20">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Output is:

Without cellspacing:

First	Row
Second	Row

With cellspacing:

First	Row
Second	Row